The advent of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has revolutionized pharmaceutical manufacturing, enabling the production of personalized dosage forms tailored to individual patient needs. This review explores the application of 3D printing in fabricating customized drug delivery systems, focusing on its potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy, improve patient compliance, and reduce adverse effects. Various 3D printing techniques, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), and selective laser sintering (SLS), are discussed alongside suitable pharmaceutical materials. The review also highlights recent advancements, regulatory challenges, and future prospects of 3D-printed medications. By integrating patient-specific factors such as age, weight, and genetic profile, 3D printing paves the way for precision medicine, offering a paradigm shift from traditional "one-size-fits-all" drug formulations.