Gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, peptic ulcer disease, and functional dyspepsia, affect approximately 40 percent of the global population and impose substantial socioeconomic burdens on healthcare systems worldwide. The aim of this article is to comprehensively review the therapeutic potential of plant-based compounds and phytochemical interventions in the management, prevention, and treatment of gastrointestinal pathologies, with emphasis on mechanistic insights and clinical translation. Key themes explored include the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and gut microbiota-modulating effects of bioactive phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and glycosides. Preclinical evidence from in vitro cellular models and animal studies demonstrates that plant extracts can attenuate mucosal inflammation, reduce oxidative stress, promote epithelial barrier integrity, and favorably modulate intestinal microbial composition. Clinical trials in human subjects have reported symptomatic relief, improved quality of life, and disease remission in patients with various gastrointestinal conditions following phytotherapeutic interventions. Formulation strategies, including standardized extracts, enteric-coated capsules, nanoparticle delivery systems, and hydrogels, have been developed to enhance bioavailability, stability, and targeted delivery of phytochemicals. Safety considerations encompass toxicity profiles, herb-drug interactions, and pharmacokinetic variability. Future perspectives emphasize the integration of phytotherapeutics into conventional treatment paradigms through rigorous clinical validation, regulatory harmonization, and personalized medicine approaches. This review underscores the translational potential of plant-based therapeutics as adjunctive or alternative interventions for gastrointestinal disorders.